How an aural speculum is used in ear examination

An aural speculum is used with a light source to look into the ear canal and at the eardrum. This short overview explains the basic steps, for students, clinic staff and buyers who want to understand the instrument.

This is general information, not clinical training. Ear examination should be done by trained professionals.

What you need

• A Hartmann aural speculum in the right size (see Hartmann ear speculum sizes: how to choose the right one)
• A light source: head mirror with lamp, headlight or operating microscope
• Instruments for procedures, if needed, such as ear forceps or a wax hook

The basic steps

1. Position the patient. Seated, head turned so the ear faces the examiner.
2. Look at the outer ear first. Check for redness, swelling or discharge.
3. Straighten the ear canal. In adults the ear is usually gently pulled up and back; in young children, down and back.
4. Choose the size. The largest speculum that fits comfortably.
5. Insert gently. Only into the outer part of the canal, never deep.
6. Direct the light and look. Rotate the speculum slightly to see all parts of the canal and eardrum.

What the doctor looks for

• Wax or foreign bodies
• Redness or swelling of the canal
• The colour and position of the eardrum
• Holes (perforations) or fluid behind the eardrum

Why metal specula help in procedures

With a headlight or microscope, a metal speculum holds the canal open while the doctor uses both hands. This is why ENT clinics still keep sets of Hartmann specula next to their otoscopes.

ENT instruments from Tata Surgical

We supply Hartmann specula and the ENT instruments used with them. See what we make.

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